Need help installing OpenJDK 11 on MacOS? Click here to learn how in this simple, easy-to-follow tutorial with sample code!
/usr/libexec/java_home: This will show you where the current JDK home is, for example:
/usr/libexec/java_home -V: This lists all installed JDKs, which is shown below:
To switch between JDKs, use /usr/libexec/java_home -v version (e.g. 10):
Cinema 4d r19 free download for mac. Knowing that your available JDKs are installed to /Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/ by default, moving the contents of the downloaded OpenJDK 11 dir from inside the .gz file to the same location would make sense.
Once you’ve moved it there, java_home -V now shows the new JDK in place:
Updating my aliases to quickly switch versions in my .bash_profile, I now have:
Sourcing the .bash_profile (source .bash_profile) and then running each alias, now I’ve got OpenJDK 11 set up and ready to go!
'JDK' or 'JRE'?
JDK Versions
- JDK Alpha and Beta (1995): Sun Microsystem announced Java in September 23, 1995.
- JDK 1.0 (January 1996): Originally called Oak (named after the oak tree outside James Gosling's office). Renamed to Java 1 in JDK 1.0.2.
- JDK 1.1 (February 1997): Introduced AWT event model, inner class, JavaBean, JDBC, and RMI.
- J2SE 1.2 (JDK 1.2) (December 1998): Re-branded as 'Java 2' and renamed JDK to J2SE (Java 2 Standard Edition). Also released J2EE (Java 2 Enterprise Edition) and J2ME (Java 2 Micro Edition). Included JFC (Java Foundation Classes - Swing, Accessibility API, Java 2D, Pluggable Look & Feel, and Drag & Drop). Also introduced Collection Framework and JIT compiler.
- J2SE 1.3 (JDK 1.3) (May 2000): Introduced Hotspot JVM.
- J2SE 1.4 (JDK 1.4) (February 2002): Introduced
assert
statement, non-blocking IO (nio
), logging API, image IO, Java webstart, regular expression (regex) support. - J2SE 5.0 (JDK 5) (September 2004): Officially called 5.0 instead of 1.5 (by dropping the 1.). Introduced generics, autoboxing/unboxing, annotation, enum, varargs, for-each loop, static import. See 'JDK 5 New Features'.
- Java SE 6 (JDK 6) (December 2006): Renamed J2SE to Java SE (Java Platform Standard Edition). No new language features. See 'JDK 6 New Features'.
- Java SE 7 (JDK 7) (July 2011): First version after Oracle purchased Sun Microsystem - aslo called OracleJDK. Introduced Strings in
switch
statement, Binary integer literals, allowing underscores in numeric literals, improved type inference for generic instance creation (or diamond operator<>
), Catching multiple exception types and rethrowing exceptions with improved type checking. See 'JDK 7 New Features'. - Java SE 8 (JDK 8) (LTS) (March 2014): Included support for Lambda expressions, default and static methods in interfaces, improved collection, and JavaScript runtime. Also integrated JavaFX graphics subsystem. See 'JDK 8 New Features'.
- Java SE 9 (JDK 9) (September 21, 2017): Introduced modularization of the JDK (
module
) under project Jigsaw, the Java Shell (jshell
), and more. See 'JDK 9 New Features'. - Java SE 10 (18.3) (JDK 10) (March 2018): Introduced
var
for type inference local variable (similar to JavaScript). Introduced time-based release versioning with two releases each year, in March and September, denoted asYY.M.
Removed native-header generation tooljavah
. See 'JDK 10 New Features'. - Java SE 11 (18.9) (LTS) (JDK 11) (September 2018): Extended
var
to lambda expression. Standardize HTTP client injava.net.http
. Support TLS 1.3. Clean up the JDK and the installation package (removed JavaFX, JavaEE, CORBA modules, deprecated Nashorn JavaScript engine). OracleJDK is no longer free for commercial use, but OpenJDK is still free. See 'JDK 11 New Features'. - Java SE 12 (19.3) (JDK 12) (March 2019): Switch Expression (preview). See 'JDK 12 New Features'.
- Java SE 13 (19.9) (JDK 13) (September 2019): Switch Expression (preview), Multi-line Text Block (preview). See 'JDK 13 New Features'.
- Java SE 14 (20.3) (JDK 14) (March 2020): Records (preview)
How To Install JDK on Windows
Step 0: Un-Install Older Version(s) of JDK/JRE
Step 1: Download JDK
- Goto Java SE download site @ http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/downloads/index.html.
- Under 'Java Platform, Standard Edition' ⇒ 'Java SE 13.0.{x}', where {x} denotes a fast running security-update number ⇒ Click the 'Oracle JDK Download' button.
- Under 'Java SE Development Kit 13.0.{x}' ⇒ Check 'Accept License Agreement'.
- Choose the JDK for your operating system, i.e., 'Windows'. Download the 'exe' installer (e.g., '
jdk-13.0.{x}_windows-x64_bin.exe
' - about 159MB).
Step 2: Install JDK
jdk-13.0.{x}_windows-x64_bin.exe
'), which installs both the JDK and JRE.
C:Program FilesJavajdk-13.0.{x}
', where {x}
denotes the update number. https://crewrenew502.weebly.com/archicad-software-download-for-mac.html. Accept the defaults and follow the screen instructions to install JDK.
'C:Program FilesJava'
to inspect the sub-directories. Take note of your JDK installed directoryjdk-13.0.{x}
, in particular, the update number {x}
, which you will need in the next step.
<JAVA_HOME>
, hereafter, in this article.
Step 3: Include JDK's 'bin' Directory in the PATH
CMD
) searches the current directory and the directories listed in the PATH
environment variable (or system variable) for executable programs. JDK's programs (such as Java compiler 'javac.exe
' and Java runtime 'java.exe
') reside in the sub-directory 'bin
' of the JDK installed directory. You need to include JDK's 'bin
' in the PATH
to run the JDK programs.
PATH
environment variable in Windows 10:
- Launch 'Control Panel' ⇒ (Optional) 'System and Security' ⇒ 'System' ⇒ Click 'Advanced system settings' on the left pane.
- Switch to 'Advanced' tab ⇒ Click 'Environment Variables' button.
- Under 'System Variables' (the bottom pane), scroll down to select variable 'Path' ⇒ Click 'Edit..'.
- For Newer Windows 10:
You shall see a TABLE listing all the existing PATH entries (if not, goto next step). Click 'New' ⇒ Click 'Browse' and navigate to your JDK's 'bin
' directory, i.e., 'c:Program FilesJavajdk-13.0.{x}bin
', where{x}
is your installation update number ⇒ Select 'Move Up' to move this entry all the way to the TOP. - For Older Windows 10 (Time to change your computer!):
(CAUTION: Read this paragraph 3 times before doing this step! Don't push 'Apply' or 'OK' until you are 101% sure. There is no UNDO!!!)
(To be SAFE, copy the content of the 'Variable value' to Notepad before changing it!!!)
In 'Variable value' field, APPEND 'c:Program FilesJavajdk-13.0.{x}bin
' (where{x}
is your installation update number) IN FRONT of all the existing directories, followed by a semi-colon (;
) to separate the JDK's bin directory from the rest of the existing directories. DO NOT DELETE any existing entries; otherwise, some existing applications may not run.
Step 4: Verify the JDK Installation
CMD
via one of the following means:
- Click 'Search' button ⇒ Type 'cmd' ⇒ Choose 'Command Prompt', or
- Right-click 'Start' button ⇒ run.. ⇒ enter 'cmd', or
- Click 'Start' button ⇒ Windows System ⇒ Command Prompt
- Issue '
path
' command to list the contents of thePATH
environment variable. Check to make sure that your JDK's 'bin
' is listed in thePATH
. - Issue the following commands to verify that JDK/JRE are properly installed and display their version:
Step 5: Write a Hello-World Java Program
- Create a directory to keep your works, e.g., '
d:myProject
' or 'c:myProject
'. Do NOT save your works in 'Desktop' or 'Documents' as they are hard to locate. The directory name shall not contain blank or special characters. Use meaningful but short name as it is easier to type. - Launch a programming text editor (such as TextPad, NotePad++, Sublime Text, Atom). Begin with a new file and enter the following source code. Save the file as '
Hello.java
', under your work directory (e.g.,d:myProject
).
Step 6: Compile and Run the Hello-World Java Program
Hello.java
':
- Start a CMD Shell (Search ⇒ enter 'cmd' ⇒ select 'Command Prompt').
- Set the Current Drive to the drive where you saved your source file '
Hello.java
'.
If you use drive 'c', skip this step.
Else if you use drive 'd
', enter 'd:
' as follow: - Set the Current Working Directory to the directory that you saved your source file via the
cd
(Change Directory) command. For example, suppose that your source file is saved in directory 'myProject
'. - Issue a
dir
(List Directory) command to confirm that your source file is present in the current directory. - Invoke the JDK compiler '
javac
' to compile the source code 'Hello.java
'. The compilation is successful if the command prompt returns. Otherwise, error messages would be shown. Correct the errors in your source file and re-compile. Check 'Common JDK Installation Errors', if you encounter problem compiling your program. - The output of the compilation is a Java class called '
Hello.class
'. Issue adir
(List Directory) command again to check for the output.
java
':
Step 7: (For Advanced Users Only) JDK's Source Code
<JAVA_HOME>libsrc.zip
' (or '<JAVA_HOME>src.zip
' prior to JDK 9). I strongly recommend that you to go through some of the source files such as 'String.java
', 'Math.java
', and 'Integer.java
', under 'javalang
', to learn how experts program.
How to Install JDK on macOS
Step 1: Check if JDK has been Pre-Installed
- If a JDK version number is returned (e.g.,
JDK x.x.x
), then JDK has already been installed. If the JDK version is prior to 1.8, proceed to Step 2 to install the latest JDK; otherwise, proceed to 'Step 3: Write a Hello-world Java program'. - If message 'command not found' appears, JDK is NOT installed. Proceed to the 'Step 2: Install JDK'.
- If message 'To open javac, you need a Java runtime' appears, select 'Install' and follow the instructions to install JDK. Then, proceed to 'Step 3: Write a Hello-world Java program'.
Step 2: Download JDK
- Goto Java SE download site @ http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/downloads/index.html.
- Under 'Java Platform, Standard Edition' ⇒ 'Java SE 13.0.{x}', where {x} denotes a fast running security-update number ⇒ Click the 'Oracle JDK' 'Download' button.
- Under 'Java SE Development Kit 13.0.{x}' ⇒ Check 'Accept License Agreement'.
- Choose the JDK for your operating platform, i.e., macOS. Download the DMG installer (e.g,
jdk-13.0.{x}_osx-x64_bin.dmg
- about 172MB).
Step 3: Install JDK/JRE
- Double-click the downloaded Disk Image (DMG) file. Follow the screen instructions to install JDK/JRE.
- Eject the DMG file.
- To verify your installation, open a 'Terminal' and issue these commands.
Step 3: Write a Hello-World Java Program
- Create a directory called '
myProject
' under your home directory (Launch 'Finder' ⇒ 'Go' ⇒ 'Home'; Select 'File' ⇒ 'New Folder' ⇒ 'myProject
').
In macOS, the home directory of the current user can be referenced as '~
'. Hence, this new directory can be referenced as '~/myProject
'. - Use a programming text editor (such as Sublime Text or Atom) to input the following source code and save as '
Hello.java
' under the directory '~/myProject
'.
(If you use macOS's default text editor 'TextEdit' (NOT recommended), you need to open a new file ⇒ choose 'Format' ⇒ 'Make Plain Text' ⇒ Enter the source code ⇒ Save as 'Hello.java
'.)
Step 4: Compile and Run the Hello-World Java Program
- To compile the source code '
Hello.java
', open a new 'Terminal' ('Go' ⇒ 'Utilities' ⇒ 'Terminal') and issue these commands (as illustrated): - To run the Hello-world, invoke the Java Runtime '
java
' as follows:
How to Install JDK on Ubuntu
Step 0: Check if JDK has already been Installed
javac x.x.x
') appears, JDK has already been installed. You can skip the installation and goto step 2.
Step 1: Download and Install JDK
- Goto JDK (Java SE) download site @ http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/downloads/index.html. Under 'Java Platform, Standard Edition' ⇒ 'Java SE 11.0.{x}' ⇒ Click JDK's 'Download' ⇒ Under 'Java SE Development Kit 11.0.{x}' ⇒ Check 'Accept License Agreement' ⇒ Select 'Linux', '
tar.gz
' package, (e.g., 'jdk-13.0.{x}-linux-x64_bin.tar.gz
' - 171MB).
The tarball will be downloaded in directory '~/Downloads
', by default. - We shall install JDK under '
/usr/local/java
' (or Ubuntu's default JDK directory/usr/lib/jvm
; or/opt/java
). First, create a directory 'java
' under '/usr/local
'. Open a Terminal and issue these commands: Extract the downloaded package (Check your downloaded filename!) JDK shall be extracted in a folder '/usr/local/java/jdk-13.0.{x}
', where{x}
is the update number. - Inform the Ubuntu to use this JDK/JRE: The above steps set up symlinks
java
,javac
,javaws
at/usr/bin
(which is in the PATH), that link to/etc/alternatives
and then to JDK bin directory.
The 'alternatives' system aims to resolve the situation where several programs fulfilling the same function (e.g., different version of JDKs). It sets up symlinks thru/etc/alternatives
to refer to the actual programs to be used.
Alternatively, you can include the JDK's bin and JRE's bin into the PATH directly. - To verify the JDK installation, issue these commands:
- [Don't Do this step - It is taken care by 'alternative' in Step 3. Keep here to show you how to set PATH.]
Add JDK's binary directory ('bin
') to the 'PATH' by editing '/etc/profile
': Add these lines at the end of the file '/etc/profile
', replace '{x}
' with the actual number: Rerun the configuration file by:
Step 2: Compile and Run a Hello-world Java Program
- File Explorer ⇒ Home ⇒ Create a new folder called '
myProject
' to keep our works. - Open 'Text Editor' (gedit). Enter the following source code and save as '
Hello.java
' under the '~/myProject
' directory created earlier. - To compile the Hello-world Java program, launch a Terminal and issue these commands:
- Run the Hello-world Java program:
Source-Code Editors & IDEs for Java Programming
Eclipse IDE
- You need to first install Eclipse. Read 'How to Install Eclipse'.
- You can then proceed to write your first Java program. Read 'Writing your first Java Program with Eclipse'.
- Eclipse allow you to debug program graphically. Read 'Debugging program in Eclipse'.
NetBeans IDE
- You need to first install NetBeans. Read 'How to Install NetBeans'.
- You can then proceed to write your first Java program. Read 'Writing your first Java program with NetBeans'.
- NetBeans allow you to debug program graphically. Read 'Debugging program in NetBeans'.
Visual Studio (VS) Code IDE
Sublime Text (for Windows, macOS, Linux)
Atom (for Windows, macOS, Linux)
TextPad (for Windows only)
NotePad++ (for Windows only)
(JDK 11) Launch Single-Source-File New Feature
- Write a '
Hello.java
' (see previous section). - Delete '
Hello.class
', if it exists. - You can compile/run '
Hello.java
' in one command as follows:
- This is applicable to single source-file only.
- No need to use
javac
to compile the program. - It compiles in memory (without producing a
.class
file), and run. - This feature is introduced for beginners to learn Java, and for professionals to test a Java feature.
- The filename and classname need not be the same.
How To Set JAVA_HOME Environment Variable
JAVA_HOME
to be set to the JDK installed directory.
Common Errors in installing JDK
(Advanced) External JAR Files and Native Libraries
jmod
' files for Java modules. Need to revise this section for JDK 9.
.lib
' and '.dll
' in Windows, or '.a
' and '.so
' in Linux/macOS).
External JAR Files ('.jar')
- During the compilation, you will receive compilation error 'cannot find symbol' on classes belonging to the external packages.
- During execution, you will get a runtime error 'Could not find or load main class xxx' or '
NoClassDefFoundError
'.
- Copy all the JAR files of the external packages to the Java's Extension Directories (NOT applicable to JDK 9).
- For Windows, the JDK extension directory is located at '
<JAVA_HOME>jrelibext
' (e.g., 'c:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_xxjrelibext
'). - For macOS, the JDK extension directories are '
/Library/Java/Extensions
' and '/System/Library/Java/Extensions
'. - For Ubuntu, the JDK extension directories are '
<JAVA_HOME>/jre/lib/ext
' (e.g., '/usr/user/java/jdk1.8.0_xx/jre/lib/ext
') and '/usr/java/packages/lib/ext
'.
java.ext.dirs
'. You can print its contents viaSystem.out.println(System.getProperty('java.ext.dirs'))
. - For Windows, the JDK extension directory is located at '
- You can also include all the JAR files in the
CLASSPATH
environment variable.CLASSPATH
may contain directories (of Java classes) or JAR files (single-file archive of Java classes). If you set theCLASSPATH
, you must also include the current directory (denoted as '.
').- For Windows, set the
CLASSPATH
in Control Panel ⇒ System ⇒ Advanced system settings ⇒ Advanced ⇒ Environment Variables ⇒ System Variables ⇒ New ⇒ In 'Variable name', enter 'CLASSPATH
' ⇒ In 'Variable value', enter '.;path1xxx.jar;path2yyy.jar
', where the entries are separated by a semi-colon (;
). - For Linux and macOS: Edit
~/.profile
or~/.bash_profile
(or/etc/profile
for system-wide setting) to include the following line at the end of the file: The entries are separated by colon (:
).
- For Windows, set the
- You can also set the
CLASSPATH
in thejavac
/java
command-line via the option-cp <paths>
(or-classpath <paths>
), for example,
External Native Libraries ('.lib', '.dll', '.a', '.so')
.lib
' (Windows' static LIBrary), '.dll
' (Windows' Dynamically Link Library), '.a
' (Unix's static (Archive) library), or '.so
' (Unix's Shared Object library).
How To Download Java Jdk 11 Mac Free
java.library.path
', which normally but not necessarily includes all the directories in the PATH
environment variable.
java.lang.UnsatisfiedLinkError: no xxx in java.library.path
'. Illustrator cs6 crack mac.
- Copy the native libraries into a system library directory, e.g.,
c:windowssystem32
(Windows),/usr/lib
or/usr/local/lib
(macOS / Unix). You can verify that the directory is included in Java's System Property 'java.library.path
', viaSystem.out.println(System.getProperty('java.library.path'))
. - You can also set the native library path via the
java
's command-line option-Djava.library.path=xxx
, for example,